Goaltide Daily Current Affairs 2022

Mar 29, 2022

Current Affair 1:
Share of MSMEs in exports to Russia and Ukraine

 

The share of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) export to Russia and Ukraine during the last three years is as follows:

Current Affair 2:
Child Labour Laws

 

The Government is pursuing multipronged strategy to eliminate child labour and has taken comprehensive measures which include legislative measures, rehabilitation strategy, providing right of free education and general socio-economic development so as to eliminate the incidence of the child labour. The details of statutory and legislative measures, rehabilitation strategy and education are as under:

  • Government has enacted the Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986 which was amended in 2016. The amended Act is called the Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986. The amendment provides stricter punishment for employers for violation of the Act and made the offence as cognizable.
  • Framing of Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Central Rules
  • Framing of model State Action Plan enumerating action points to be taken by respective State Governments and circulation of the same to all Chief Secretaries.

As per “Crime in India, 2020” a publication of National Crime Records Bureau, 464, 772 and 476 number of cases were registered during calendar year 2018, 2019 and 2020 respectively under Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 in the country.

 Ministry of Labour & Employment has been implementing National Child Labour Project (NCLP) Scheme for rehabilitation of child labourers through District Project Societies under the chairmanship of the District Magistrate. 

Under the NCLP scheme, the children in the age group of 9-14 years are rescued / withdrawn from work and enrolled in the NCLP Special Training Centres (STCs), where they are provided with bridge education, vocational training, mid-day meal, stipend, health care, etc. before being mainstreamed into formal education system.

NCLP scheme has now been subsumed under Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) Scheme.

Current Affair 3:
Female Labour Force Participation

 

As per the results of Annual Employment–Unemployment Surveys conducted by Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour and Employment during 2011-12 to 2016-17 and Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) conducted by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation since 2017-18, the estimated annual female Labour Force Participation rate (LFPR), for age 15 years and above on usual status to the extent available is given below:

 

 

Results from both surveys viz PLFS and Labour Bureau are not comparable due to different sampling methodology and coverage. PLFS covers seasonality of labour force as it is conducted during the period July to June (i.e., full year) whereas field work in Labour Bureau survey varied from 7 to 9 months and therefore, complete seasonality was not covered.

The Government has notified four Labour Codes namely, the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 by simplifying, amalgamating and rationalizing the relevant provisions of 29 Central Labour Laws.

The Labour Codes will, inter-alia, reduce multiplicity of definitions & authorities, facilitate implementation & use of technology in enforcement of labour laws and bring transparency & accountability in enforcement, promote setting up of more enterprises, catalysing the creation of employment opportunities in the country. It would promote setting up of industries by reducing rigidity of labour market and facilitate hassle free compliance, paving the way for realizing the goal of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 now subsumed in the Code on Wages, 2019 provides that there shall be no discrimination in an establishment or any unit thereof among employees on the ground of gender in matters relating to wages by the same employer, in respect of the same work or work of similar nature done by any employee.

Further, no employer shall make any discrimination on the ground of sex while recruiting any employee for the same work or work of similar nature in the conditions of employment, except where the employment of women in such work is prohibited or restricted by or under any law for the time being in force.

To enhance the employability of female workers, the Government is providing training to them through a network of Women Industrial Training institutes, National Vocational Training Institutes and Regional Vocational Training Institutes.    

Current Affair 4:
Programme on Seagrasses

 

Seagrasses are flowering plants which are found in our sea beds and ocean floors.

The major seagrass beds exist along our coastline of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay regions on the east coast, Gulf of Kachchh region on the west coast, the lagoons of islands in Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea and Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal.

Seagrass ecosystems are recognized globally for their ability to sequester carbon, nurture fish communities and support marine mammals such as sea cows or dugongs.

Academic and research institutions have been actively involved in seagrass research pertaining to seagrass mapping, species diversity and its transplantation.

Based on field surveys and satellite data, the National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management has estimated the total extent of seagrass ecosystem in India to be 516.59 km2. The CO2sequestration rate of seagrass ecosystem is estimated to be up to 434.9 tonnes/km2/year with an annual net CO2 sink of 0.75 million tonnes for an area of 517 km2.

Further, the Government has also initiated a project across the States of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Odisha on enhancing climate resilience of India’s coastal communities at a total cost of US $130.269 million which includes a grant of US$ 43.419 million by Global Climate Fund (GCF) covering 24 ecosystems in these selected States which aims to strengthen the climate resilience of coastal communities by protecting and restoring India’s natural ecosystems such as mangroves and seagrasses.    

 

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