Current Affair 1:

Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) 2021-22

 

Read introduction first:

Summary findings of UDISE+ 2021-22 – all India

Enrolment of students:

The total enrolment in 2021-22 from primary to higher secondary levels of school education was a little over 25.57 Crore. Enrolment for boys was 13.28 Crore and that of the girls was 12.28 Crore. This was an increase by more than 19 lakhs over 2020-21.

 

Number of teachers:

The total number of teachers has declined by 1.95 % in 2021-22 compared to 2020-21.

 

The percentage of teachers teaching only primary (34.4 % in 2021-22 from 35.4% in 2020-21) and only upper primary (18.9% in 2021-22 from 21.5% in 2020-21) has reduced. This reduction in share has been compensated to some extent by the levels primary and upper primary (7.4% in 2021-22, from 8.5% in 2020-21), upper primary and secondary (7.0% in 2021-22, from 6.1% in 2020-21) and secondary and higher secondary (3.6% in 2021-22 from 3.9% in 2020-21).

School infrastructure:

Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), Gender Parity Index (GPI) and Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR)

The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) compares the enrolment in a specific level of education to the population of the age-group which is most age-appropriate for that level of education. For example, the GER of primary is student enrolment in class 1 to 5 expressed as a percentage of population in age group 6-10 years.

The Gender Parity Index (GPI) of GER shows whether the representation of females in school education is in line with representation of girls in population of corresponding age group.

GPI value 1 or more shows that the GPI is favourable to the girls, while GPI of less than 1 shows relative under representation of girls in that specific level of school education. Chart 12 shows the GPI of GER from 2018-19 to 2021-22 for the different levels of school education.

Another Key Performance Indicator School education is Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR). When measured at disaggregated levels of education PTR show availability of adequate number of teachers for teaching the children enrolled at different levels of education.

Current Affair 2:

Performance Grading Index (PGI)

 

Read introduction:

The PGI evaluation classifies States and UTs into grade/ levels, as opposed to ranking. Grading allows several States and UTs to be considered at the same level, eliminates the phenomenon of one improving only at the cost of others, thereby casting a stigma of underperformance on the latter, though, in effect they may have maintained status quo or even performed better than earlier.

 

The summary of category, domain and Indicators used in PGI index is as under:

The highest achievable stage in PGI is Level I, which is for scores 951-1000. In between, an equal width of 50 points has been kept for each Level. In the PGI, Level II means PGI score 901-950, Level III: 851-900, Level IV: 801-850, and so on up to Level IX: 551-600. The last one, namely Level X is for scores 0-550.

Current Affair 3:

India's first indigenous Overhauser Magnetometer

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Indian scientists have developed an Overhauser Magnetometer, one of the most accurate magnetometers extensively used by all magnetic observatories around the world, making way for reducing the cost of sampling and sensing experiments essential for geomagnetic sampling.  The sensor installed at Alibag Magnetic Observatory (MO) can absolve India’s dependence on commercial OVH magnetometers for performing geomagnetic field measurements.

OVH magnetometers are known for their higher accuracy, higher sensitivity, and efficient power consumption and hence find applications in all magnetic observatories worldwide as well as in international space programs. It has so far been imported for such purposes in India.

In order to reduce dependence on imports, the Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG), an autonomous research institution under DST, Government of India, has developed these magnetometers as part of its technology development program.

 

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