Current Affair 1:

Union Minster inaugurated the Next Generation DNA Sequencing Facility at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun.

What is NGS?

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a new technology used for DNA and RNA sequencing and variant/mutation detection. NGS can sequence hundreds and thousands of genes or whole genome in a short period of time.

1. Library preparation is a process by which DNA segments are modified so that each DNA sample can have a sample-specific index like sample identification which helps to identify the patient from whom DNA sequencing was performed.
2. Prior to sequencing, the DNA library must be attached to a solid surface and clonally amplified to increase the signal that can be detected from each target during sequencing.
3. All of the DNA in the library is sequenced at the same time using a sequencing instrument.  Although each NGS technology is unique, they all utilize a version of the "sequencing by synthesis" method, reading individual bases as they grow along a polymerized strand.
4. Each NGS experiment generates large quantities of complex data consisting of short DNA reads.  Although each technology platform has its own algorithms and data analysis tools, they share a similar analysis ‘pipeline’ and use common metrics to evaluate the quality of NGS data sets. 

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