Current Affair 1:

GOVERNOR

 

 

 

New governors were appointed in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Jharkhand, HP, Assam, AP,

Chhattisgarh, Manipur, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Bihar, Maharashtra and Ladakh (UT).

 

WHO IS GOVERNOR ?

 

Governor is envisaged as an apolitical head who must act on advice of Council of Ministers of state.

Appointment of Governor: Under Article 155 and 156, Governor is appointed by President and holds office during pleasure of President.Governor has to step down if President withdraws his/her pleasure before completion of five years.

Article 157 and 158 lay down qualifications and terms of office of Governor Must be a citizen of India and should have completed age of 35 years.

 

The term of governor's office is normally 5 years but it can be terminated earlier by:

Dismissal by the president on the advice of the council of minister headed by the prime minister of the country.

Dismissal of governors without a valid reason is not permitted. However, it is the duty of the President to dismiss a governor whose acts are upheld by courts as unconstitutional and malafide.Resignation by the governor.

 

Powers of Governor

Executive: Constitutional head of state who appoints the leader of majority party as Chief Minister.

Legislative: Giving or withholding assent to Bill passed by state legislature.

Judicial: Appoints District judge; can pardon, remit and commute the sentence of a convicted person.

Financial: No money bill can be introduced in state without his prior approval.

 

Current Affair 2:

Millet International Initiative for Research and Awareness (MIIRA)

 

 

 India is planning to launch MIIRA- global initiative to coordinate millet research programmes at international level while also supporting research on millet crops.

What is Millet International Initiative for Research and Awareness (MIIRA)?

 

 The global initiative will be aimed at coordinating millet research programmes at the international level and will be launched keeping in mind the nutritional value and the climate resilient nature of millets.Besides setting up a web platform to connect researchers and holding international research conferences, the plan is also to promote millet consumption by raising awareness.India would provide the "seed money" for MIIRA to take off, and each G20 member will subsequently be required to pay to its budget in the form of a membership fee. According to the sources, the MIIRA secretariat will be in Delhi, and India being a major producer of millets, will ensure a flow of investment from the country’s industry and research bodies.

 

What is the Background of MIIRA's Announcement?

 

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets (IYM), a proposal sponsored by the Government of India to promote these "nutri-cereals.’

The declaration will be helpful to the Government of India in articulating its goal of making [YM 2023 a "People's Movement" as well as presenting India as the "Global Hub for Millets," as India produces one-fifth of the world's millets.The year 2023 is also significant because of India’s G20 Presidency, which will also have five meetings on agriculture.In her Budget speech (2023-24), while describing various types of millets as ‘Shree Anna’, the Union Finance Minister said that the Indian Institute of Millet Research, Hyderabad will be supported as the Centre of Excellence. This will help in sharing best practices, research and technologies at the international lev

 

Current Affair 3:

Environment and Climate Sustainability Working Group (ECSWG)

 

 

 First G20 ECSWG meeting concluded in Bengaluru with all G20 countries.

What is ECSWG ?

ECSWG aims to collectively define a new development paradigm that supports stable and sustainable climate, environment, and biodiversity.

Group has committed to work towards objective of priority areas of:

Arresting Land Degradation

Accelerating Ecosystem Restoration and Enriching Biodiversity

Promoting a Sustainable and Climate Resilient Blue Economy and

Encouraging Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy

 

What is G20 ?

 

The G20 was formed in 1999 in the backdrop of the financial crisis of the late 1990s that hit East Asia and Southeast Asia in particular. It aims to secure global financial stability by involving middle-income countries.Together, the G20 countries include 60% of the world’s population, 80% of global GDP. and 75% of global trade.

Members:

Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the EU.

 

 

Current Affair 4:

chatGPT-based chatbot

 

 

 

Recently, OpenAl has introduced a new chatbot called ChatGPT, which is a ‘conversational’ Al and will answer queries just like a human would.

 

What is ChatGPT?

The ChatGPT can answer “follow-up questions”, and can also “admit its mistakes, challenge incorrect premises, and reject inappropriate requests .It is based on the company’s GPT 3.5 series of language learning models (LLM).GPT stands for Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 and this is a kind of computer language model that relies on deep learning techniques to produce human-like text based on inputs.The model is trained to predict what will come next, and that’s why one can technically have a ‘conversation’ with ChatGPT.The chatbot was also trained using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF).

 

 What is a Chatbot?

Chatbots, also called chatterbots, is a form of Artificial Intelligence (Al) used in AR messaging apps.This tool helps add convenience for customers—they are automated programs that interact with customers like a human would and cost little to nothing to engage with. Key examples are chatbots used by businesses in Facebook Messenger, or as virtual assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa. Chatbots tend to operate in one of two ways—either via machine learning or with set guidelines.However, due to advancements in Al technology, chatbots using set guidelines are becoming a historical footnote.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current Affair 5:

Killer whales

 

Why in news?

Scientists have previously seen that some killer whale mothers share food with their grown sons. In a study, researchers found that this prolonged feeding carries a huge reproductive cost for mothers.

 

ABOUT ORCAs/Killer whales

 

Males over age 30 were eight times more likely to die in the year following their own mothers’ deaths. one likely factor is that the mothers continue to feed them all their lives. Members of this family include all dolphin species, as well as other larger species, such as long-finned pilot whales and short-finned pilot whales, whose common names also contain "whale" instead of “dolphin”. Killer whales are highly social, and most live in social groups called pods (groups of maternally related individuals seen together more than half the time). The families are led by matriarchs who can live 80-90 years.Southern Resident killer whales are the only endangered population of killer whales in the United State

 

 

 

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