Current Affair 1:

Government Data Roundup

 

Monthly Production Report July 2022- Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas

Every month, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas publishes a monthly production report of the previous month which contains details pertaining to the production of crude oil, natural gas, and petroleum products at the national level as well as state/UT level.

Key Highlights:

1. India’s crude oil production during July 2022 was 2453.19 thousand metric tonnes (TMT), which is 5.57% lower than the target for the month and 3.76% lower than the production of July 2021.
2. Natural gas production during July 2022 was 2882.54 million metric standard cubic meters (MMSCM), which is 3.33% lower than the monthly target and 0.40% lower than the production in July 2021.
3. Crude Oil Processed during July 2022 was 21423.25 TMT, which is 11.47% higher than the target for the month and 10.52% higher than July 2021.
4. Production of Petroleum Products during July 2021 was 21974.60 TMT, which is a 7.85% higher target for the month and 6.23% higher than the production of July 2021.

Fourth advance estimates for 2021-22 of major agriculture crops

Key Highlights

1. The production of Foodgrains in the country is estimated at 315.72 million tonnes which is 4.98 million tonnes more than the production of foodgrains during 2020-21. The production during 2021-22 is 25 million tonnes more than the previous five years’ average production of food grains (2016-17 to 2020-21).
2. Total production of Rice during 2021-22 is estimated at a record 130.29 million tonnes. It is 13.85 million tonnes more than the last five years’ average production of 116.44 million tonnes.
3. Total Pulses production during 2021-22 is estimated at a record 27.69 million tonnes which is 3.87 million tonnes more than the last five years’ average production of 23.82 million tonnes.
4. Total Oilseeds production in the country during 2021-22 is estimated at a record 37.70 million tonnes which is 1.75 million tonnes more than the production of 35.95 million tonnes during 2020-21. Further, the production of oilseeds during 2021-22 is 5.01 million tonnes more than the average oilseeds production of the last five years.     
5. Total production of Sugarcane in the country during 2021-22 is estimated at a record 431.81 million tonnes which is 58.35 million tonnes more than the average sugarcane production of 373.46 million tonnes.

 

Quarterly Statistics on Deposits and Credit of SCBs: June 2022

Key Highlights:

1. The bank credit growth accelerated to 14.2% in the quarter ending June 2022 as compared to 6% in the same period last year. The growth was 10.8% in the previous quarter ending March 2022.
2. All the population groups (that is, rural, semi-urban, urban, and metropolitan), all the bank groups (viz; public/private sector banks, foreign banks, RRBs, and SFBs) and all the regions of the country (viz; central, eastern, north-eastern, northern, southern, and western) recorded double-digit annual credit growth in June 2022.
3. Aggregate deposit growth has remained in the range of 9.5-10.2% throughout the last five quarters.
4. The metropolitan branches continue to account for over half of the bank deposits and their share has increased marginally over the last one year.
5. The share of current account and savings account (CASA) deposits in total deposits has been increasing over the last three years (42%, 43.8% and 44.5% in June 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively).
6. As credit growth is outpacing deposit growth in the recent period, the credit-deposit (C-D) ratio has been on the rise: in June 2022, the C-D ratio stood at 73.5% at an all-India level. It was 70.5% in June 2021.

 

Current Affair 2:

Biodegradable, edible coating that extends shelf life of fruits and vegetables

 

Researchers at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati have developed an edible and biodegradable coating to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables .

According to officials, this coating material, which will prevent wastage, was tested on vegetables such as potato, tomato, green chili, strawberries, Khasi Mandarin variety of orange, apples, pineapples and Kiwi and were found to keep these vegetables fresh for nearly two months.

The researchers believe that their development could help the country meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 12.3 that is aimed at reducing food losses along the production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses.

Process: It will difficult to remember, just have a look once. Don‘t remember terms.

1. The team used a mix of a micro-algae extract and polysaccharides to produce protective, edible films for coating on vegetables and fruits.
2. The marine microalgae called Dunaliella tertiolecta is known for its antioxidant properties and has various bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
3. It is also used as a source of algal oil, which is used as a non-animal source of omega-3 fatty acid, and is being considered as a source of biofuel.
4. After the oil is extracted, the residue is usually discarded. The researchers used extracts from this residue in formulating their film, in combination with chitosan.
5. Chitosan, a carbohydrate, also has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and can be made into edible film. The properties of films with varying algal extract contents were analysed and compared with controls.
6. The fabricated edible films displayed a superior antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, water vapour barrier property, thermal stability, and mechanical strength. They also had excellent UV-V is light-blocking property.

Current Affair 3:

Freshwater crab species with striking colours found in Western Ghats

 

A distinctively coloured crab species has been discovered in the Western Ghats.

The crab has been named Ghatiana dvivarna sp nov. The crab’s name is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘dvivarna’, which means bicolour, as the crustacean has a white body and claws and “red-violet” legs.

The species was first sighted June 30, 2021, in Anshi wildlife range, Kali Tiger Reserve in Karnataka.

Current Affair 4:

Some important definitions of Law, Constitution and Constitutionalism

 

Law is broadly divided into private law and public law. Private law deals exclusively with the rights and obligations as between individuals. Public law concerns and deals with the organization and powers of the State in relation to the organs of the State inter se or as between the State and the individual. Constitutional law is a part or branch of public law because it deals with the State, its different organs and their relations inter se as well as relations between the State and the citizens.

The aspiration to make power impersonal and its exercise accountable has been the motivation for constitutions and constitutionalism. Constitutionalism is an attempt to establish the supremacy of law –its essence is the submission of politics to law.

Constitution' refers to the document –the Constitution of India or of the USA while 'Constitutional law' refers to the justiciable parts of the document and those rules which have been evolved by courts in enforcing those justiciable provisions. Conventions, customs, usages are all part of Constitutional law. Courts in interpreting the Constitution try to discover the intention behind it and thus enlarge or transform the words of the written Constitution. A 'constitutional state' is one in which the powers of the government, the rights of the governed and the relations between the two are adjusted. The term 'constitutional law' anticipates the term 'constitution' which in turn brings in 'state' to which the constitution relates.

 

Current Affair 5:

Nano Fertilizers

 

Just read this below image.

 

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